This research will look into the post-conflict transition in Burundi with particular emphasis on the relationship between ex-combatants, their re-integration within communities, the changing nature of HIV/AIDS, and gender relationships within the country. It attempts to provide a gendered analysis of the HIV/AIDS situation under the changing risk factors during the post- conflict period and promises to fill an important gap in what is known about the gendered nature of the risk factors in relation to HIV/AIDS in Burundi.